Class 7th Science NCERT Chapter 12

Flowers perform the function of reproduction in plants.

Vegetative propagation is a type of asexual reproduction in plants where new plants are produced from roots, stems, leaves, and buds. It is related to asexual reproduction as it involves reproducing through the vegetative parts of the plant without the need for seeds.

In budding, a small bulb-like projection called a bud emerges from a yeast cell. The bud gradually grows, detaches from the parent cell, and forms a new yeast cell, which then matures and produces more yeast cells. Sometimes, another bud may arise from the first bud, creating a chain of buds and resulting in the rapid production of yeast cells.

In fragmentation, an alga breaks up into two or more fragments. These fragments grow into new individuals and continue to fragment and grow rapidly, covering a large area in a short period of time. This process allows algae to multiply quickly in suitable conditions.

Pollination is a process where pollen grains are transferred from the anther (male reproductive part) to the stigma (female reproductive part) of a flower. This transfer can occur through various agents like wind or animals. This process facilitates the transfer of male gametes in the pollen grain to the female gamete present in the ovule, allowing for fertilization and subsequent seed formation.