11th Geography NCERT Chapter 12
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– Hydrological Cycle:
The hydrological cycle describes the movement of water on, in, and above the earth. It is vital for all life forms on the planet as it ensures the continuous circulation of water in different forms【4:0†source】.
– Oceans – Submarine Relief and Distribution:
The relief of the ocean floor includes continental slopes, deep sea plains, trenches, mid-oceanic ridges, seamounts, submarine canyons, and guyots. These features play a significant role in oceanic geography and plate movements【4:4†source】.
– Distribution of Temperature and Salinity:
The temperature of ocean water varies due to factors like latitude, prevailing winds, unequal land-water distribution, and ocean currents. Salinity varies across different oceans based on factors like melting ice, evaporation, and freshwater influx【4:1†source】【4:2†source】.
What percentage of the planetary water is found in the oceans?
About 71 per cent of the planetary water is found in the oceans.
Explain the concept of the hydrological cycle in relation to the circulation of water on Earth.
The hydrological cycle describes the movement of water on, in, and above the earth, involving its circulation within the hydrosphere in different forms: liquid, solid, and gaseous phases, and continuous exchange between oceans, land, and atmosphere.
Describe the major divisions of the ocean floors.
The ocean floors can be divided into four major divisions: the Continental Shelf, the Continental Slope, the Deep Sea Plain, and the Oceanic Deeps, with additional relief features like ridges, hills, sea mounts, guyots, trenches, and canyons.
What factors contribute to the formation of relief features on the ocean floor?
Relief features on the ocean floor are formed by tectonic, volcanic, and depositional processes, similar to those observed on continents.
How does salinity in water bodies vary globally, and what factors influence these variations?
Salinity in water bodies varies globally, with factors like evaporation, influx of fresh water from rivers, shape and extent of the ocean, latitude, and presence of currents influencing the salinity levels in different regions.
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