9th Social Science NCERT India and the Contemporary World-1 Chapter 3

Germany lost its overseas colonies, a tenth of its population, 13% of its territories, 75% of its iron, and 26% of its coal to various countries including France, Poland, Denmark, and Lithuania.

In response to Germany's refusal to pay war reparations in gold, the French occupied the Ruhr valley (Germany's leading industrial area), leading to passive resistance by the Germans. Germany then printed large amounts of paper currency, causing hyperinflation with the value of the German mark drastically falling.

Many ordinary Germans saw the world through Nazi eyes, reporting suspicious neighbors, marking houses of Jews, and believing in Nazism's promises of prosperity and well-being. While some actively resisted Nazism, the majority were passive onlookers, fearful of speaking out or acting against the regime.

Under Nazism, schools were cleansed and purified, with the removal of 'undesirable' teachers and students. Children were segregated based on ethnicity, and 'undesirable children' were expelled. Nazi schooling included ideological training, revisionist textbooks, racial science, and the promotion of loyalty to Hitler and hatred towards certain groups.

The Nazi state sought total control over its people through measures like censorship, propaganda, youth indoctrination, segregation, expulsion of 'undesirables,' and the establishment of organizations like the Hitler Youth. They aimed to instill loyalty to the Nazi ideology, glorify aggression and violence, and control all aspects of public and private life.