11th NCERT Sociology Chapter 5
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1. Objectivity and Subjectivity in Sociology
– Discusses the balance between objective (unbiased) and subjective (personal values) viewpoints and how sociologists manage these perspectives to maintain scientific integrity.
2. Participant Observation
– Explains the method where sociologists or social anthropologists immerse themselves within a community to gather data by observing and participating in daily activities.
3. Field Work in Social Anthropology
– Outlines the practical efforts and strategies used in anthropology to gather detailed, first-hand observations of social behaviors and cultural practices through extended field engagements.
4. Quantitative and Qualitative Methods in Sociology
– Describes the differences between quantitative methods (structured, measurable) and qualitative methods (exploratory, interpretative), emphasizing their applications in sociological research.
5. Multiple Methods and Triangulation
– Reviews the trend of using multiple research methods to approach a single research question from various perspectives to validate the results, known as triangulation.
6. Surveys and Sampling Techniques
– Details the processes involved in conducting surveys, including the design of questionnaires and sample selection to ensure representativeness and reliability of the data collected.
7. The Role of Reflexivity in Sociological Research
– Discusses the importance of reflexivity, where researchers critically reflect on their biases and influence to enhance the credibility of their findings .
What is the main strength of the survey method according to Chapter 5 of NCERT Sociology?
The main strength of the survey method is its ability to provide a broad overview representative of a large population with relatively small outlays of time and money.
How do sociologists attempt to achieve objectivity in their research as discussed in the chapter?
Sociologists try to achieve objectivity by adopting an outsider's viewpoint, rigorously examining their own ideas and feelings about the research subject, and striving for self-reflexivity.
What are some key differences between participant observation and survey methods as outlined in the chapter?
Participant observation involves deep, immersive interaction and focuses on qualitative data, while survey methods involve structured questionnaires, focus on quantitative data, and are suitable for studying larger populations.
How does the concept of 'margin of error' relate to sample surveys according to Chapter 5?
Margin of error is the unavoidable discrepancy in survey results due to the use of a sample instead of the entire population; it quantifies the expected deviations and is a standard component of reporting in sample surveys.
Describe the importance of reflexivity in sociological research as explained in the chapter.
Reflexivity is crucial in sociological research as it involves the researchers constantly evaluating their own biases and perspective to mitigate their influence on the research, ensuring a more objective and reliable study.
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