11th NCERT Political Science Chapter 6

Refugees face challenges such as living in camps, being displaced by war or political disputes, losing their homes and security, and being forced to migrate. The concept of global citizenship could benefit refugees by ensuring them basic rights and protection regardless of the country they may be living in.

Migrants could contribute to the local economy by bringing in diverse skills, labor force, cultural exchange, innovation, entrepreneurship, and filling labor shortages in various sectors.

In most democratic states today, citizens could expect to enjoy political rights like the right to vote, civil rights like freedom of speech or belief, and socio-economic rights such as the right to a minimum wage or education. They have obligations to follow the laws of the state, pay taxes, defend the country if needed, and participate in the democratic process.

Even though all citizens may have equal rights in theory, some individuals or groups may face barriers preventing them from fully exercising those rights due to socio-economic inequalities, discrimination, lack of access to resources, or other factors that hinder their ability to exercise their rights on an equal basis.

In India, some of the issues regarding citizenship being raised today include struggles for full enjoyment of citizen rights, such as those related to the women's movement and the dalit movement. These movements aim to ensure equal rights and opportunities for all citizens and influence government policies to address their needs.