11th Biology Chapter 6

1. The Tissue System

– Different types of plant tissues are organized into the epidermal, ground, and vascular tissue systems, each with specific functional roles in the plant's anatomy.

2. Epidermal Tissue System

– This system forms the outer covering of the plant, consisting of the epidermis, guard cells, and stomata that regulate transpiration and gaseous exchange【4:0†source】.

3. Ground Tissue System

– Comprises all tissues except the epidermis and vascular bundles, divided into the cortex, pericycle, and pith, mainly involved in storage and structural support【4:0†source】.

4. Vascular Tissue System

– Composed of complex tissues xylem and phloem that form vascular bundles, responsible for the transport of water, minerals, and nutrients throughout the plant【4:0†source】.

5. Anatomy of Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous Plants

– Discusses the structural differences between dicots and monocots in their roots, stems, and leaves, focusing on aspects like the arrangement and type of vascular bundles .

6. Dicotyledonous Root

– Describes the internal structure of dicot roots including the arrangement of epidermis, cortex, and vascular tissues, characteristic of dicotyledonous plants【4:1†source】.

7. Monocotyledonous Root

– Explains the internal structure and arrangement of tissues within monocot roots, noting differences such as the number of xylem bundles compared to dicots【4:1†source】.

8. Dicotyledonous Stem

– Outlines the anatomy of a dicot stem showing features like the protective epidermis and underlying vascular structures within a typical young dicotyledonous stem .

9. Monocotyledonous Stem

– Describes the characteristics of monocot stems including scattered vascular bundles and lack of cambium, distinguishing them from dicot stems【4:4†source】.

10. Isobilateral (Monocotyledonous) Leaf

– Compared to dicot leaves, monocot leaves have stomata on both surfaces, and the mesophyll isn't differentiated into spongy and palisade layers【4:2†source】.

11. Dorsiventral (Dicotyledonous) Leaf

– In dicot leaves, the mesophyll divides into palisade and spongy layers, with different types of parenchyma cells responsible for photosynthesis and air circulation【4:7†source】.