11th Geography NCERT Chapter 14
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– Biosphere, Biodiversity, and Conservation: This chapter discusses how solar energy and water inputs lead to weathering variations and the resulting biodiversity, the impact of human activities on biodiversity, the different levels of biodiversity (genetic, species, ecosystem), and the importance and roles of biodiversity in various aspects of life【4:0†source】.
– Genetic Diversity: Refers to the variation of genes within species, essential for healthy breeding of populations【4:1†source】.
– Species Diversity: Relates to the variety of species in a defined area, measured through richness, abundance, and types of species. Areas rich in species diversity are referred to as hotspots of diversity【4:1†source】.
– Ecosystem Diversity: Discusses the differences between different ecosystem types, the diversity of habitats and ecological processes within each type, and how ecosystems evolve and sustain through interactions between organisms【4:3†source】.
– Economic Role of Biodiversity: Highlights the importance of biodiversity as a resource for various economic activities such as food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetic products【4:2†source】.
– Importance of Biodiversity: Discusses the ecological, economic, and scientific roles played by biodiversity and emphasizes the ethical responsibility to preserve biodiversity for the well-being of all species【4:4†source】.
– Loss of Biodiversity: Addresses the factors leading to the loss of biodiversity, including human population growth, overexploitation of resources, natural calamities, pollution, and introduction of exotic species【4:4†source】.
– Conservation of Biodiversity: Emphasizes the importance of biodiversity for human existence and the need for conservation efforts to prevent degradation of the environment and potential threats to human survival【4:4†source】.
What does biodiversity refer to?
Biodiversity refers to the number and variety of organisms found within a specified geographic region, including the varieties of plants, animals, micro-organisms, genes they contain, and ecosystems they form.
Define genetic biodiversity and why is it essential?
Genetic biodiversity refers to the variation of genes within species. It is essential for a healthy breeding population of species as it allows for differences in physical characteristics among individual organisms.
What is the significance of species diversity?
Species diversity refers to the variety of species in a defined area and can be measured through its richness, abundance, and types. Areas rich in species diversity are called hotspots of diversity.
Explain the concept of ecosystem diversity.
Ecosystem diversity refers to the broad differences between ecosystem types and the diversity of habitats and ecological processes occurring within each ecosystem type. The demarcation of ecosystem boundaries is difficult due to the complex interrelations within ecosystems.
Discuss the economic role of biodiversity in human life.
Biodiversity is an important resource providing economic commodities like food crops, livestock, forests, fish, and medicinal resources. It serves as a reservoir of resources for food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic products.
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