11th Geography NCERT Chapter 14

– Biosphere, Biodiversity, and Conservation: This chapter discusses how solar energy and water inputs lead to weathering variations and the resulting biodiversity, the impact of human activities on biodiversity, the different levels of biodiversity (genetic, species, ecosystem), and the importance and roles of biodiversity in various aspects of life【4:0†source】.

– Genetic Diversity: Refers to the variation of genes within species, essential for healthy breeding of populations【4:1†source】.

– Species Diversity: Relates to the variety of species in a defined area, measured through richness, abundance, and types of species. Areas rich in species diversity are referred to as hotspots of diversity【4:1†source】.

– Ecosystem Diversity: Discusses the differences between different ecosystem types, the diversity of habitats and ecological processes within each type, and how ecosystems evolve and sustain through interactions between organisms【4:3†source】.

– Economic Role of Biodiversity: Highlights the importance of biodiversity as a resource for various economic activities such as food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetic products【4:2†source】.

– Importance of Biodiversity: Discusses the ecological, economic, and scientific roles played by biodiversity and emphasizes the ethical responsibility to preserve biodiversity for the well-being of all species【4:4†source】.

– Loss of Biodiversity: Addresses the factors leading to the loss of biodiversity, including human population growth, overexploitation of resources, natural calamities, pollution, and introduction of exotic species【4:4†source】.

– Conservation of Biodiversity: Emphasizes the importance of biodiversity for human existence and the need for conservation efforts to prevent degradation of the environment and potential threats to human survival【4:4†source】.