11th Geography NCERT Chapter 7
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– Atmosphere: Compositions and structure; elements of weather and climate.
– Insolation: Angle of incidence and distribution; heat budget of the earth; temperature factors.
– Pressure: Pressure belts; winds – planetary, seasonal, and local; air masses and fronts.
– Precipitation: Evaporation; condensation; rainfall types and distribution.
– World climates: Classification (Koeppen); greenhouse effect; global warming and climatic changes.
Summary: The chapter covers the composition and structure of the atmosphere, insolation, pressure, precipitation, and world climates, including topics like pressure belts, wind patterns, types of rainfall, and the greenhouse effect leading to global warming【4:0†source】.
Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?
The stratosphere contains the ozone layer.
What is the temperature at the tropopause and why is it nearly constant?
The air temperature at the tropopause is about minus 80°C over the equator and about minus 45°C over the poles. It is nearly constant because the temperature starts increasing with height above the tropopause.
What is the composition of the atmosphere and how does it change with altitude?
The atmosphere is composed of gases, water vapour, and dust particles. The proportion of gases changes in the higher layers of the atmosphere, with oxygen becoming almost negligible at 120 km, carbon dioxide and water vapour found up to 90 km from the surface.
Why is the troposphere considered the most important layer for all biological activity?
The troposphere is considered the most important layer for all biological activity because it contains dust particles, water vapour, and all changes in climate and weather take place in this layer.
What is the role of water vapour in the atmosphere?
Water vapour absorbs parts of the insolation from the sun, preserves the earth's radiated heat, acts as a blanket to regulate temperature, and contributes to the stability and instability in the air.
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