11th NCERT Psychology Chapter 1
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– Key Terms: The chapter covers important key terms in psychology such as Behaviorism, Cognitive approach, Consciousness, Neuropsychology, Psychoanalysis, Sociology, and more.
– Major Schools of Psychological Thought: The chapter discusses major schools of psychological thought including structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, Gestalt psychology, psychoanalysis, humanistic psychology, and cognitive psychology.
– Contemporary Psychology: Describes contemporary psychology as characterized by diverse approaches that explain behavior at different levels, with insights from the cognitive approach and the humanistic approach.
– Specialized Fields of Psychology: Students should study various specialized fields of psychology like cognitive psychology, biological psychology, health psychology, developmental psychology, social psychology, educational psychology, clinical and counseling psychology, environmental psychology, industrial/organizational psychology, and sports psychology.
– Interdisciplinary Initiatives: Highlights the collaboration across disciplines in psychology with interests overlapping with social sciences, biosciences, mass communication, and fine arts to enhance research and applications.
These topics provide a comprehensive overview for students studying the chapter on psychology.
Define behaviour and provide examples of overt and covert behaviour.
Behaviour refers to the actions or reactions of an individual under specific circumstances. Overt behaviour is observable, such as speaking or walking, while covert behaviour is not readily observable, like thinking or feeling.
How can scientific psychology be distinguished from popular notions about the discipline of psychology?
Scientific psychology relies on systematic examination of data to develop principles about human behaviour and psychological phenomena, while popular notions may be based on unverified beliefs or practices like astrology and palm reading.
Briefly describe the evolution of psychology as a discipline up to the early 20th century.
Modern psychology traces its roots to ancient philosophy, with Wilhelm Wundt establishing the first experimental lab in 1879. Psychologists initially focused on introspection or structuralism, analyzing the mind's structure. William James introduced functionalism, emphasizing the mind's functions. Gestalt psychology emerged in reaction to structuralism, highlighting the holistic nature of perceptual experiences.
Explain the collaboration between psychologists and other disciplines by taking examples of two problems where such collaboration is fruitful.
Psychologists collaborate with various disciplines to address complex issues. For example, psychologists working with environmental scientists can study the impact of factors like temperature and pollution on human behaviour. Collaboration with sociologists can explore the influence of social factors on psychological well-being.
Distinguish between a psychologist and a psychiatrist, as well as between a counsellor and a clinical psychologist.
A psychologist has a degree in psychology and focuses on treating individuals through therapy and counseling. In contrast, a psychiatrist holds a medical degree, allowing them to prescribe medications for psychological disorders. Similarly, a counsellor helps people with everyday issues, while a clinical psychologist specializes in diagnosing and treating psychological disorders.
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