8th Science NCERT Chapter 8
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The important topics from the chapter on "Force and Pressure" are as follows:
1. Force – A Push or a Pull:
– Actions like picking, opening, shutting, kicking, hitting, lifting, flicking, pushing, pulling are all related to various tasks that involve changes in the state of motion of an object7.
2. Forces are due to an Interaction:
– Forces result from interactions between objects; at least two objects must interact for a force to come into play7.
3. A Force can Change the State of Motion:
– The effect on an object is due to the net force acting on it; more than one force may act on an object, but the overall effect results from the net force7.
What is the major theme of the chapter?
The major theme of the chapter revolves around differential gene expression and how this process is regulated in various organisms.
Explain the concept of miRNAs and their role in gene expression regulation.
miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that can bind to complementary sequences in mRNA, leading to gene silencing or degradation of the mRNA. They play a crucial role in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.
Describe the process of alternative splicing and its significance in gene expression.
Alternative splicing is a mechanism where a single gene can code for multiple proteins by including different exons in the mRNA. It increases the diversity of gene products and plays a significant role in regulating gene expression and creating protein diversity.
How do transcription factors regulate gene expression?
Transcription factors are proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences to control the transcription of specific genes. They can activate or repress gene expression by recruiting RNA polymerase and other transcriptional machinery to the gene promoter region.
Explain the concept of epigenetic regulation in gene expression.
Epigenetic regulation involves modifications to DNA or histones that can alter gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. These modifications can result in changes that are heritable and can regulate gene expression in a dynamic and reversible manner.
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