9th Social Science NCERT India and the Contemporary World-1 Chapter 1

The outbreak of revolutionary protest in France was triggered by factors such as economic hardships, inequality, social injustice, and the oppressive monarchy that controlled the governance and imposed restrictions on freedoms and expression.

The middle class, urban professionals, and peasants benefited from the revolution as it led to the end of privileges and oppressive monarchial rule. The nobility and clergy were forced to relinquish power. The sections of society that may have been disappointed could include those who lost their privileges and power, as well as individuals who preferred the old order over the revolutionary changes.

The French Revolution's legacy had a profound impact on the world by inspiring movements for liberty, equality, and democratic rights globally. Ideas such as individual rights, equality before the law, and participatory governance spread across Europe and influenced anti-colonial struggles in other regions during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Some democratic rights that we enjoy today, originating from the French Revolution, include freedom of speech, freedom of the press, equality before the law, right to property, and the principle of popular sovereignty where the authority stems from the people.

Yes, the message of universal rights during the French Revolution contained contradictions. While the revolution aimed to establish principles of liberty and equality, there were contradictions in implementation such as limitations to individual rights, violence used to enforce revolutionary ideals, and disparities in the application of rights among different sections of society.