9th Social Science NCERT India and the Contemporary World-1 Chapter 2
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1. Liberals, Radicals, and Conservatives:
– Liberals aimed for a tolerant nation supporting all religions, advocating for a representative parliamentary government with limited voting rights based on property ownership, excluding women from voting rights.
– Radicals sought majority-based governance, supported women's suffrage, and opposed concentration of wealth in the hands of a few.
– Conservatives, though initially resistant to change, accepted the need for some change in the nineteenth century but preferred gradual transformation respecting the past.
2. Industrial Society and Social Change:
– Industrialization led to profound social and economic changes with long work hours, poor wages, and housing/sanitation issues.
– Liberals and radicals, often property owners themselves, believed in individual effort, labor, and enterprise to drive societal development and sought solutions to improve working conditions【4:0†source】.
What were the social, economic and political conditions in Russia before 1905?
The social, economic, and political conditions in Russia before 1905 were characterized by autocratic rule under the Tsar, a repressive regime, widespread poverty among the peasantry, lack of industrial development, and discontent among workers and urban population.
In what ways was the working population in Russia different from other countries in Europe, before 1917?
Before 1917, the working population in Russia was different from other European countries in terms of harsh working conditions, low wages, lack of rights or representation, and the existence of a large agrarian population working under feudal-like conditions.
Why did the Tsarist autocracy collapse in 1917?
The Tsarist autocracy collapsed in 1917 due to a combination of factors including the poor handling of World War I, economic hardships, discontent among the population, military defeats, and the inability of the Tsar to address the needs and aspirations of the Russian people.
What were the main changes brought about by the Bolsheviks immediately after the October Revolution?
Immediately after the October Revolution, the Bolsheviks implemented changes such as nationalization of industry, redistribution of land to peasants, establishment of a Communist government, dissolution of the Constituent Assembly, and initiation of social reforms to benefit the working class.
Write a few lines to show what you know about kulaks, the Duma, women workers between 1900 and 1930, the Liberals, and Stalin’s collectivisation programme.
Kulaks were wealthy peasants who resisted collectivization in Soviet Russia. The Duma was a representative assembly established in Russia before the Revolution. Women workers between 1900 and 1930 faced poor working conditions and low wages. The Liberals advocated for individual rights but did not support universal suffrage. Stalin's collectivization program aimed to consolidate agricultural land under state control.
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