Class 7th Science NCERT Chapter 11

Based on the content of the chapter "Transportation in Animals and Plants" from the uploaded file, here are the important topics students should study along with a brief summary for each:

1. **Circulatory System:**

– Blood, comprising plasma and various cells, transports substances such as oxygen, nutrients, and waste throughout the body.

– The heart pumps blood through arteries and veins to ensure the circulation of substances essential for the body's functions.

2. **Blood Components:**

– Red blood cells (RBCs) containing hemoglobin transport oxygen to cells, while white blood cells (WBCs) fight against germs.

– Platelets help in blood clot formation to stop bleeding from injuries.

3. **Blood Vessels:**

– Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart, while veins return carbon dioxide-rich blood back to the heart.

– Capillaries facilitate exchange of substances between blood and tissues.

4. **Heart Structure and Function:**

– The heart has four chambers – two atria and two ventricles – to ensure the separation of oxygen-rich and carbon dioxide-rich blood.

– The heart's continuous beating rhythmically pumps blood to maintain circulation throughout the body.

5. **Pulse and Heartbeat:**

– The pulse rate, measured by counting thumping movements like the pulse, indicates the heart's beats per minute.

– The rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the heart muscles constitute a heartbeat, which can be felt or heard through a stethoscope.

6. **Importance of Blood Donation:**

– Voluntary blood donation can save lives by providing a vital resource for medical emergencies and treatments.

By focusing on these topics and their summaries, students can grasp the fundamental concepts of how transportation occurs in animals and plants through the circulatory system.