Class 7th Science NCERT Chapter 4

Here are the important topics from the chapter along with brief summaries for each:

1. Hot and Cold:

– Objects can be hot or cold, and we determine the hotness or coldness often through touch. However, our sense of touch may not always be reliable, so temperature is a more accurate measure. This chapter explores how we perceive and measure temperature.

2. Measuring Temperature:

– Temperature is measured using devices like thermometers. Clinical thermometers are used for measuring body temperature, typically from 35°C to 42°C. Temperature scales like Celsius and Fahrenheit are discussed along with precautions for using clinical thermometers.

3. Body Temperature:

– The normal body temperature is around 37°C, but individual temperatures may vary slightly. The chapter emphasizes the average normal temperature and the range typically seen in healthy individuals.

4. Laboratory Thermometer:

– To measure the temperature of objects outside the human body, laboratory thermometers such as the maximum-minimum thermometer are used. These thermometers have different temperature ranges and are suitable for various purposes beyond measuring body temperature.

These topics cover the fundamental aspects of temperature, its measurement, and the types of thermometers used for different purposes. Students should focus on understanding how temperature is perceived, measured, and the relevance of different types of thermometers in various contexts8.